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Shrila Prabhupada on
Nityananda Gauranga Naam
Q. Shrila Prabhupada states: "Vaishnavas consider Shri
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu non-different from Radha-Krishna (shri-krishna-chaitanya
radha-krishna nahe anya). Therefore *ONE WHO CHANTS THE MANTRA
"GAURANGA" and ONE WHO CHANTS THE NAMES OF RADHA AND KRSNA ARE ON THE
SAME LEVEL." (Shrila Prabhupada in Shri Chaitanya Charitamrita Antya-lila
2.31 purport). Please throw some more light on this most important statement by
Shrila Prabhupada.
A. by Swami Gaurangapada:
Shrila Prabhupada says that one who chants the Gauranga Mantra and one who
chants the Holy Names of Radha Krishna in the form of the Hare Krishna
Mahamantra are on the same level. This statement is a confirmation of the fact
that Shri Radha Krishna have combined in the golden form of Shri Gauranga. So
both the Hare Krishna Mahamantra and the Gauranga Mantraraja are the Holy Names
of the same Lord Gauranga Krishna and have equal potency.
Those who give more importance to the Hare Krishna Mahamantra and
reject or belittle the Gauranga Mantraraja are accepting one form (Radha
Krishna) of the Lord and rejecting the other form (Gauranga) of the same Lord
and vice versa is also true. This amounts to the philosophy of accepting only
half of the hen i.e. the back part of the hen which gives the egg and rejecting
the front part which has to be fed. If one cuts the hen into two, then one
looses the eggs also. Similarly if one does not have full faith in Lord
Gauranga and the chanting of His Holy Name, then one will never be able to
attain pure love of God even if one chants the Holy Names of Shri Shri Radha
Krishna in the form of the Hare Krishna Mahamantra with full faith for millions
of lives. Similarly, one may chant the Holy Name of Lord Gauranga with full
faith but if one does not accept that Gauranga is actually Radha Krishna
combined then one will not achieve success in the chanting of Gauranga's Name.
When Shri Shri Radha Krishna have Themselves combined in the form
of Lord Gauranga to taste that love, one can imagine how sweet the Holy Name of
Gauranga is actually is. It is verily the supreme combined nectar essence of
Radha and Krishna. That is why Shrila Prabhupada clearly states that Gauranga
Mantra chanters are on the same elevated spiritual level as Hare Krishna
chanters or Radha Krishna chanters. Only those who understand this spiritual
truth of Kali Yuga can factually succeed in the offenseless chanting of the
Hare Krishna Mahamantra by the causeless mercy of Lord Gauranga and His Holy
Name. Shrila Prabhupada being the confidential associate of Lord Gauranga, is
fully aware of this truth about the non difference of the Holy Name of Gauranga
from the Hare Krishna Mahamantra.
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Q. Someone may argue, "Ok, agreed that Gauranga Mantra is on
the same level as the Hare Krishna Mahamantra, but since Shrila Prabhupada
personally did not chant the Gauranga Mantra at least externally, I am not so
interested in the Gauranga Mantraraja."
A. by Swami Gaurangapada:
Though hardly any devotee may have seen Shrila Prabhupada chanting the Gauranga
Mantraraja externally, Shrila Prabhupada is certainly chanting the Gauranga constantly,
in his spiritual form in the eternal spiritual abodes of Navadvipa and Puri to
worship Lord Gauranga just like he is constantly chanting the Hare Krishna
Mahamantra in his eternal spiritual form in Vrindavana to worship Shri Shri
Radha Krishna. This is exactly what Shrila Bhaktivinoda Thakura meant when he
said that the souls have two spiritual bodies in Gauranga's pastimes and
Krishna's pastimes respectively.
It is mentioned in Jaiva Dharma that every conscious particle in
Navadvipa is constantly chanting the Holy Names of Nityananda and Gauranga. As
described in Prema Vivarta, Shrila Shukadeva Goswami, in the form of a parrot,
would not stop chanting the Holy Name of Gauranga in Navadvipa even though Lord
Gauranga Himself asked him to chant the Holy Names of Radha Krishna instead
thus immensely pleasing Lord Gauranga internally.
Shrila Shivananda Sena who is an incarnation of two gopies of Shri
Shri Radha Krishna in madhurya rasa (conjugal love) would not have chanted the
Gauranga (Gaura Gopala) Mantraraja if the Gauranga Mantra was not a madhurya
rasika mantra on the topmost platform. He was factually worshiping both Shri
Shri Radha Krishna and Shri Gauranga within his heart by the constant chanting
of his most worshipable ista Gauranga Mantraraja.
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Q. "Shrila Prabhupada is saying the chanting the Gauranga
Mantra and chanting the Hare Krishna Mahamantra are on the same level. He is
just making a theoretical and philosophical point, that's all. There is no
reason to take this statement so seriously and start chanting the Gauranga
Mantra."
A. by Swami Gaurangapada:
Shrila Prabhupada is not just theoretically stating that the Gauranga Mantra
chanting is on the same level as the chanting of the Holy Names of Radha
Krishna which include the Hare Krishna Mahamantra. Some may consider that this
quote is only for academic purposes and thus not given serious attention to the
Gauranga Mantraraja. Then they stand to loose.
When Shrila Prabhupada is stating that the Gauranga Mantra
chanting is on the same level as chanting the Hare Krishna Mahamantra, it is
clear that Shrila Prabhupada is not only authorizing the chanting of the
Gauranga Mantraraja but also recommending it.
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Q. "Then why did Shrila Prabhupada not personally, directly
and openly tell devotees to chant the Gaura Gopala Mantraraja?"
A. by Swami Gaurangapada:
The simple answer is that Shrila Prabhupada has said that everything which he
wanted to instruct was in his books. Sometimes an Acharya being an independent
devotee of the Lord may not directly implement all the instructions which he
gives in his books. But all his instructions are absolute and can be
universally applied. If some devotee of Shrila Prabhupada accepts the above
instructions of chanting the Gauranga Mantra along with the Hare Krishna
Mahamantra as his life and soul and wants to practically implement it for the
benefit of all the offensive conditioned souls of Kali Yuga, then it is the
direct service of Shrila Prabhupada.
The conditioned souls who are struggling in a loosing battle
against Maya in the most formidable ten offenses in the chanting of the Holy
Name of Krishna have very little chance to succeed unless they take very
regular shelter of the Holy Names of Nityananda Gauranga or if they constantly
chant at least 64 rounds of the Hare Krishna Mahamantra. The second option is
very difficult for any person in this age due to a lack of time and interest.
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Q. "Why should Gauranga Mantra chanters be given equal
respect by Hare Krishna chanters and not offended in any way?
A. by Swami Gaurangapada:
As per the above statement of Shrila Prabhupada in Shri Chaitanya Charitamrita,
followers of Shrila Prabhupada who understand it, should give equal respect to
the devotees chanting the Gauranga Mantraraja along with the Hare Krishna
Mahamantra. It is easily understood that someone on an equal level should be
given equal respect not criticized or rejected. In addition the Nityananda
Gauranga Mantra chanters are chanting the Hare Krishna Mahamantra also as per
the instructions of all the Acharyas so there is absolutely no reason to look
down upon them by anyone in creation.
Shrila Prabhupada respected anyone who was chanting a bonafide
Holy Name of God irrespective of the external group or religion that person
belonged to so what to speak of that personality who is chanting
"Gauranga" the most merciful and offenseless Holy Name of the Lord
along with the Hare Krishna Mahamantra. Shrila Bhaktivinoda Thakura writes,
"Unadulterated or non sectarian Vaishnavism is the natural religion. In
other words, it is the eternal function of the soul."
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Q. "Why did Shrila Prabhupada reveal this great mission of
chanting and spreading the Holy Name of Gauranga only in one commentary of Shri
Chaitanya Charitamrita and not publicly to one and all?"
A. by Swami Gaurangapada:
We find in the great scripture Shri Navadvipa Dhama Mahatmya that Shripada
Ramanujacharya wanted to spread the Holy Name of Gauranga in the whole universe
and make all the three worlds into Gauranga Bhaktas when he heard the Holy Name
of Gauranga from the lotus mouth of Lord Jagannatha Himself in Shri Puri Dhama.
But Lord Jagannatha who is Lord Gauranga Himself forbade him to do
so because the proper time had not come to fulfill this topmost mission. Lord
Jagannatha said that after I advent as Lord Gauranga in Kali Yuga and complete
My pastimes, after that a time will come when My Holy Name of Gauranga will
spread all over the world. So the Acharyas are fully aware that Gauranga's Holy
Name will be chanted and spread all over the world but they also know that the
Gauranga Nama Prabhu has to be revealed only at the appropriate time which the
Lord chooses.
Just like Shripada Ramanujacharya was instructed by the Lord to
preach Vishishta Advaita philosophy for the time being, the Acharyas complete
the mission which was given to them by the Lord and may empower their future
followers to complete the future mission of Lord which they themselves do not
undertake directly even though they are well aware of it. The direct mission of
Lord Nityananda of spreading the glories of chanting Gauranga's Holy Name can
be considered in such a context. Shrila Prabhupada may have not directly
undertaken this mission but he laid the solid foundation for his followers to
take it up by solidly establishing the chanting of the Hare Krishna Mahamantra
and the philosophy of Krishna consciousness.
After people understand who are Shri Shri Radha Krishna, then they
can better understand who is Shri Gauranga. This was Shrila Prabhupada's
intention. Even Shrila Krishnadasa Kaviraja Goswami in Shri Chaitanya
Charitamrita explains the glories of Shri Krishna first for the purpose to
solidly establish the glories of Lord Gauranga. Thus Shrila Prabhupada followed
the footsteps of Shrila Krishnadasa Kaviraja Goswami in this regard.
We are not saying that all followers of Shrila Prabhupada should
compulsorily undertake this mission of spreading Lord Gauranga's Name around
the world but if some of his followers want to do it based on his teachings and
their realizations and inspirations of his teachings then their endeavors
should be accepted, highly respected and supported in every way.
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Q. "Shrila Prabhupada has given us the Pancha Tattva Mantra
which includes the Holy Names of Nityananda and Gauranga so why do we need to
chant the Nityananda and Gauranga Mantrarajas? I am anyway chanting the Holy
Names of Nityananda and Gauranga a few times a day in the form of the Pancha
Tattva Mantra?" "
A. by Swami Gaurangapada:
Shrila Prabhupada most mercifully gave us the most beautiful
Pancha Tattva Mantra but on the same hand he told us not to chant the Pancha
Tattva Mantra more than three times in the kirtana and also not as japa on
beads and instructed us to only chant it at the beginning of our japa. This is
probably because there is no mention in any scriptures about regular chanting
of the Pancha Tattva Mantra on beads as japa by any of our Acharyas like we
have the scriptural descriptions for chanting the most authorized Gauranga
(Gaura Gopala) Mantraraja as japa and kirtana. Just like Harinama is the Hare
Krishna Mahamantra likewise Gauranama is the Gauranga (Gaura Gopala) Mantra.
Shrila Prabhupada says in Shri Chaitanya Charitamrita that the
chanting of Lord Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's Holy Name is more essential than
chanting of the Hare Krishna Mahamantra is Kali Yuga and also he states that
without "very regularly" chanting the Holy Names of Nityananda and
Gauranga, no one should try to visit Shri Vrindavana Dhama because one will
commit offenses there.
So let us try to understand what is meant by Shrila Prabhupada's
statement of chanting the Holy Names of Nityananda Gauranga "very
regularly". In Shrila Prabhupada's opinion, very regular chanting of
Harinama means the daily chanting of 16 rounds of the Hare Krishna Mahamantra
which is equal to 16 (rounds) x 108 (mantras in each round) x 16 (names in one
mantra) = 27,648 times the Holy Names of Hare Krishna daily. So it is logically
understood that chanting the Holy Names of Nityananda and Gauranga "very
regularly" means to chant Them at least a few thousands of times daily if
not 27,648 times like the Holy Names of Hare Krishna. If the chanting of Lord
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's Holy Name is more essential than the chanting of the Hare
Krishna Mahamantra, should it be performed only 10 to 20 times daily by
chanting the Pancha Tattva Mantra or thousands of times daily just like we do
for the Hare Krishna Mahamantra? The second option sounds more logical and it
is surely a better understanding of Shrila Prabhupada's statements in this
regard. Of course those who do not want to chant the Nityananda and Gauranga
Mantrarajas in addition to the Hare Krishna Mahamantra and the Pancha Tattva
are free to continue as they are doing, but it should be understood that in the
words of Shrila Prabhupada, one may not get the full desired result unless one
takes very regular shelter of the Holy Names of Nitai Gaura because of the
stringent ten offenses in the chanting of Hare Krishna.
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Q. "Why are you saying ten offenses, ten offenses, ten
offenses...? Just forget them and chant. Don't think of them and they will go
away."
A. by Swami Gaurangapada:
This is a foolish argument. If the ten offenses in the chanting of the Hare
Krishna Mahamantra were just going to go away on their own, then it does not
make sense why Shrila Namacharya Haridasa Thakura has described them in so much
detail in Shri Hari Nama Chintamani on the request of the Supreme Lord Gauranga
Himself and told us to conscientiously avoid the ten offenses at all costs and
at all times while chanting the Holy Names. Why are the ten offenses mentioned
in the Padma Purana is we do not need to know about them and avoid them with
all our effort. The ostrich which was being chased by the cheetah tried to put
the neck and head into the sand on becoming tired and tried to imagine that the
cheetah has gone away. But the cheetah grabbed the ostrich and devoured it. So
simply ignoring to accept the great dangers of the ten offenses is not going to
free us from them. One has to find a way to destroy them and that is the
chanting of the Holy Names of Nityananda and Gauranga.
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Q. "Ok, all your replies are making a lot of sense, but why
did Shrila Prabhupada not openly give Diksha in the Nityananda and Gauranga
Mantrarajas to one and all if They are so important for Kali Yuga?"
A. by Swami Gaurangapada:
We have already explained that Shrila Prabhupada being a self-effulgent
independent Acharya may not directly implement all the instructions he has
given in his books and may leave some for his followers to implement depending
on what the Lord instructs him to do at that time. Every Acharya has a specific
mission laid out by the Lord for him.
Gauranga Mantra Acharya Shrila Shivananda Sena was chanting the Gauranga Mantra
constantly as his Ishta Mantra so he must have received Gauranga Mantra Diksha
from a Guru and he must have imparted Gauranga Mantra Diksha to his disciples,
even though this fact is not mentioned in the scriptures. There are so many
pastimes which may not be directly mentioned in the scriptures to avoid making
them too voluminous. For those who accept it, there is also the description
about Lord Advaita Acharya initiating the mother and father of the Supreme Lord
Himself in the Gauranga Mantra before the Appearance of the Lord. So the
sublime process of Gauranga Mantra Diksha has been practiced by our Acharyas in
the past and can be revived in the present times by the mercy and desire of our
whole Guru Parampara.
Shrila Prabhupada states in Shri Chaitanya Charitamrita that a
Guru can choose a Mantra for his disciples depending on the disciples' ability
and qualification to chant different Mantras. Also he says that an expert
devotee can invent novel ways and means from the scriptures for the purpose of
injecting Krishna consciousness into the mass of the people.
What better way is there to inject offenseless and pure Krishna
consciousness in the mass of the people, other than preaching the chanting of
the most magnanimous Holy Names of Nityananda Gauranga. Shrila Bhaktivinoda
Thakura confirms that without the regular chanting of the Holy Name of
Gauranga, the offensive and fallen Kali Yuga souls cannot be delivered either
individually or collectively.
Though the chanting of Holy Names of Nityananda, Gauranga and Hare
Krishna do not depend on initiation, and can be chanted by anyone and everyone
who can vibrate one's tongue, without taking the Holy Vow of Gauranama Diksha
of chanting a fixed number of Holy Names of Nityananda and Gauranga daily in
front of Guru and the Holy Names, one cannot easily become steadily fixed in
chanting Gauranga's Holy Names just as one requires Harinama Diksha to becomes
steadily fixed in chanting 16 rounds of the Hare Krishna Mahamantra daily. Just
like Seventh Goswami Shrila Sacchidananda Bhaktivinoda Thakura states,
"ekaki amara nahi paya bala harinama sankirtane.."O Gurudeva without
your mercy, I do not have the strength to chant the Holy Names on my own."
Shrila Prabhupada may have given the Hare Krishna Mahamantra
Diksha directly but we have to understand that he was directly empowered by
Lord Gauranga to take the ten offenses of his disciples and destroy them. Even
then, we see so many thousands of his disciples have lost taste in chanting the
Hare Krishna Mahamantra due to the stringent ten offenses which are considered
by the Holy Name of Lord Krishna.
Also there is a big spiritual danger for the Guru in initiating
people directly in the Hare Krishna Mahamantra in the normal case. The ten
offenses committed by the disciple after receiving Diksha in the Holy Name of
Krishna, may block and destroy the devotion of the Guru himself if the Guru
does not have very strong sedan (spiritual practice) of his own. In such a
case, only a very powerful Guru may be able to protect himself and burn up the
ten offenses of the hundreds and thousands of disciples. So this risk should be
considered seriously by all Gurus whether they are powerful or not unless they
are specifically empowered by the Lord to directly give Diksha in the Hare
Krishna Mahamantra on a massive scale like Shrila Prabhupada and his own
Gurudeva Shrila Bhaktisiddhanta Prabhupada.
One may ask why the Guru has to suffer for the ten offenses
committed by the disciples. It is just like the punishment inflicted by the
King on the royal treasurer for giving the rubies in the royal treasury to an
unworthy monkey who does not understand the value of the rubies and thus
crushes them into powder. If the treasurer has considered the eligibility of
the recipient before distributing the rubies, and thus not given them to the
unqualified in the first place, then this offense would never have occurred. So
the majority of the blame for this offense falls on the treasurer.
Similarly, the Diksha in the Nityananda and Gauranga Mantrarajas
does not require any special qualification (just the qualification to accept
and start chanting the Holy Names), because the ten offenses are not considered
in the chanting of the Nityananda and Gauranga Mantrarajas. But Diksha in the
Hare Krishna Mahamantra requires the disciple to have full offenseless faith in
the chanting of Hare Krishna Mahamantra because the ten offenses are considered
in the chanting of the Holy Name of Krishna.
So if the disciples chant the Hare Krishna Mahamantra without
adequately taking shelter of the Nityananda and Gauranga Mantrarajas, then they
will not get the desired result according to Shrila Prabhupada himself. The Holy Names of Nityananda and Gauranga
destroy all the ten offenses in the chanting of the Hare Krishna Mahamantra and
make the disciple qualified to properly approach the Hare Krishna Mahamantra
without the fear of offenses.
The Nityananda Gauranga Mantra Diksha makes the spiritual position
of the disciple as well as the Guru safe, and since the Nityananda and Gauranga
Mantrarajas destroy the ten offenses of the disciple in the chanting of the
Hare Krishna Mahamantra, the Guru and the disciple both will remain spiritually
unaffected by the offenses which may be committed by the disciple in the
chanting of the Hare Krishna Mahamantra and disciple advances rapidly in the
science of the offenseless chanting of the Holy Names and the resultant
realization of God understand the guidance of the Guru.
So the Nityananda Gauranga Mantra Diksha in the most crucial
strategic plan by the Guru in Kali Yuga in order to give the disciple the best
chance of succeeding in the offenseless chanting of the Hare Krishna
Mahamantra. Those Gurus who decide to give the Hare Krishna Mahamantra directly
to disciples without instructing them to adequately chant the Holy Names of
Nityananda and Gauranga have to instruct their disciples to strictly chant the
Hare Krishna Mahamantra constantly in multiples of 64 rounds daily just like
the instruction of Shrila Haridasa Thakura to the prostitute. Because constant
chanting of the Hare Krishna Mahamantra beginning with at least 64 rounds daily
is the only other way to curb the ten offenses, though the constant chanting
may be very difficult to consistently perform for the souls of Kali Yuga who
are totally immersed in materialistic activities day and night.
Also as per Hari Nama Chintamani, sometimes it is possible that a
devotee may be chanting 64 rounds (100,000 Names) daily of the Hare Krishna Mahamantra
for many lives but still not get any taste in the Holy Names due to the
formidable ten offenses. Thus the Holy Names of Nityananda and Gauranga are the
easiest and surest remedy for destroying the ten offenses and elevating the
disciple to the stage of chanting the Hare Krishna Mahamantra constantly. This
explains the paramount importance of Nityananda Gauranga Diksha in the
spiritual lives of the disciple as well as the Nama Guru before accepting
Initiation in the Hare Krishna Mahamantra.
Some other points to understand the science of Nityananda Gauranga
Mantra Diksha:
(1) A Guru can choose particular Mantras for his disciple
depending on the disciples' qualification to chant specific mantras as per
Shrila Prabhupada. (Cc Madhya 24.330: "The spiritual master has to select
a mantra for his disciple according to the disciple's ability to chant
different mantras.")
(2) Shrila Bhaktisiddhanta Prabhupada introduced the system of
Gayatri-Mantra-Diksha (Brahmana Diksha) for the first time in our sampradaya
even though he had not received it from his own guru. Because he wanted to stop
the Vaishnava-aparadha committed by the brahmanas in thinking themselves
superior to the Vaishnavas. Similarly we have introduced this system of
Gauranga-Mantra-Diksha by the inspiration of all the acharyas and Lord
Nityananda in order to stop and totally destroy all the ten nama-aparadhas
(offenses) of the devotees and disciples and to make them rapidly achieve pure
love for Krishna and qualification to chant the pure Maha-mantra.
(3) The Acharyas who directly descended from the spiritual world can directly
give the Maha-mantra to the aparadhi jivas by making them qualified bu their
activities should not be imitated but their instructions in their books are to
be followed which is that a neophyte should not directly indulge in chanting of
the Maha-mantra only and if even he tries to do he will never get the result
due to his or her offenses. Instead they state that he or she should begin by
very regularly chanting the names of Nityananda-Gauranga. The acharyas have
repeatedly given the instructions to chant the Nityananda and Gauranga Mantras
in their vani but they are not bound to implement their own instructions and
they are free to preach in whatever way they desire. Whereas we should try to
strictly implement their instructions rather than simply and foolishly saying
that we should not because they have not practically implemented it. For us
their instructions are more important than their incomprehensible & transcendental
activities. Also Shrila Prabhupada said that a sannyasi should not attend
marriage ceremonies but he himself conducted some of the ceremonies. So an
acharya may not rigidly follow his own instructions give in his books. Because
he is as independent as the Lord Himself. Similarly Shrila Prabhupada said that
a neophyte syudent should not directly chant the Hare Krishna Maha-mantra but
should take shelter of the names of Nityananda-Gauranga first. But Shrila
Prabhupada may not follow this standard given by his ownself and can directly
introduce the Maha-mantra (which is what he did) because he is independent
being the direct associate of Lord Gauranga. But his followers can follow his
instructions in his books for their rapid spiritual advancement.
(4) An Acharya may want to do something but he may leave it for his followers
to accomplish when the time is ripe. Like Shrila Bhaktisiddhanta Prabhupada
wanted the name of Lord Gauranga to spread all over the world but he did not
travel abroad and left that task for his disciple, Shrila Prabhupada. Similarly
Prabhupada wanted that the Gauranga Mantra spread all over the world as per his
clear and repeated instruction but he left this mission to his followers.
(5) As Prabhupada said that:
"The expert devotees also can discover novel ways and means to
convert the nondevotees in terms of particular time and circumstance.
Devotional service is dynamic activity, and the expert devotees can find out
competent means to inject it into the dull brains of the materialistic population.
Such transcendental activities of the devotees for the service of the Lord can
bring a new order of life to the foolish society of materialistic men."
(SB 1.5.16 purport)
Shrila Prabhupada in Cc Adi 7.31-32 purport: "Here is an important point.
Lord Chaitanya Mahaprabhu wanted to invent a way to capture the Mayavadis and
others who did not take interest in the Krishna consciousness movement. This is
the symptom of an acarya. An acarya who comes for the service of the Lord
cannot be expected to conform to a stereotype, for he must find the ways and
means by which Krishna consciousness may be spread."
Note: Please note that here the words "discover or invent novel ways and
means" is used so it means that an expert devotee can preach Krishna and
Gauranga consciousness by means (like Gauranga-Mantra- Diksha and
Gayatri-Mantra-Diksha etc etc) which may not have been practically adopted by
the previous acharyas. Ofcourse the expert devotee does this due to the
inspiration and the desire of the previous acharyas and Lord Nityananda and no
one should feel envious about the introduction of this sublime process of
Nityananda Gauranga Mantra Diksha for effectively destroying the ten offenses.
(6) Commentary of Shrila Saccidananda Bhaktivinoda Thakura to Aphorism 43 of
Tattva Sutra:
"Devotees of the Supreme Lord are not controlled by the
scriptures since their activities are congenial to the Divine Wisdom.
Therefore, when the advanced devotees ordain any new arrangements, they should
be agreed as the religious code, even if they are not found in the scriptural
dictums of the previous sages. This is also agreed by Manu."
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