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LESSON TWO
SARGA - CREATION (Part 1)
The elementary creation of the sixteen items of matter.
1) earth 1)
nose 1) smell
2) water 2)
tongue 2) taste
3) fire 3) eyes 3) sight
4) air 4) skin 4) touch
5) ether 5)
ear 5) sound
6) mind
TOTAL = 16
The five gross elements,
the five senses, the five sense objects and the mind make up the sixteen items
of matter. The creation of these elementary manifestations is a result of the
energies of Maha Vishnu. All this is called creation or sarga.
The interaction of the
modes of nature is called visarga, recreation or secondary creation. The
secondary creation is a result of the original ingredients and is performed by
Brahma.
(S.B. 2.10.3)
After manifesting the
universes from the pores of His skin, Maha Vishnu expands as Garbhodakasayi
Vishnu and enters into each and every universe which is half filled with water
made from the perspiration from His transcendental body. because He is the
Supreme Person or Nara and the water from His body is called Nara, because he
lies on this water He is called Narayana.
While lying on His bed of
mystic slumber the Lord desired to manifest varieties of living entities from
Himself alone.
The Lord divides His
potency into three divisions;
1) Adhidaiva - controlling entities
2) Adhiyatma - controlled entities
3) Adhibhuta - material bodies or forms of matter
Verse 15
From the sky situated
within the body of the manifesting Maha Vishnu sense energy, mental force and
bodily strength are all generated, as well as the sum total of the fountainhead
of the total living force. (This explains how everything originally comes from
Maha Vishnu).
Verse 16
When the total energy is
in motion, all other entities move, and when the total energy stops
endeavouring, all other living entities stop sensual activities.
The individual entities
are completely dependent on the total energy of the Lord, just as every
electrical instrument depends of the power house.
Verse 17
Being agitated by the
virata purusa, the living force generated hunger and thirst and when He desired
to eat and drink the mouth opened.
Verse 18
From the mouth the palate
became manifested as well as the tongue. After this all the different tastes
came into existence.
The controlling deity
Varuna also became manifest along with the tongue.
Verse 19
When the Supreme desired
to speak, speeches were vibrated from the mouth. Then the controlling deity of
speech Fire (Agni) was generated from the mouth.
Verse 20
When the Supreme desired
to smell odors, the nostrils and respiration were generated, the nasal
instrument and odors also came into existence, and the controlling deity of
air, carrying smell, also became manifested.
Verse 21
When the Lord desired to
see the eyes, the Sun, the power of vision and the object of sight all became
manifested.
Verse 22
Because of the desire of
the great sages to know, the ears, the power of hearing, and the objects of
hearing became manifested. The controlling deities of directions also became
manifested.
Verse 23
When there was a desire
to perceive the physical characteristics of matter, the skin, the skin pores
and hairs on the body as well as their controlling deities (the trees), were
generated.
Verse 24
When the supreme Person
desired to work, the hands and their controlling deity Indra became manifested
and acts dependent on the hands were also generated.
Verse 25
Because of His desire to
control movement the legs became manifested and the controlling deity Vishnu
was generated.
Verse 26
Sexual pleasure and the
genital organ along with the controlling deity Prajapati developed.
Verse 27
When He desired to
evacuate the refuse of eatables, the evacuating hole developed along with the
controlling deity Mitra.
Verse 28
When He desired to move
from one body to another, the navel and the air of departure and death (apana
vayu) were created.
Verse 29
When He desired food and
drink the abdomen, the intestines and arteries became manifest. The controlling
deities, the rivers and the oceans, are the source of their sustenance and keep
these organs healthy.
Verse 30
When there was a desire
to think about the activities of his potent energy, the heart, the mind, the
moon, determination and desire all became manifested. The minds activities
begin only when the heart becomes manifested. The heart becomes manifested when
the Supersoul desires to remind the soul of his past activities and to see His
creation.
(S.B.
2.10.10-30)
The whole explanation and
description given above is on the subject of the absolute dependence of the
living entities and absolute independence of the Supreme Lord. Everything must
first be desired by the Lord before the subordinate living entity can act upon it.
The living entity can only see when the Lord sees. The living entity can only
smell when the Lord smells, etc.
(S.B.
2.10.20)
The Visvarupa, the
gigantic universal form of the Lord, is not an eternal form. It is manifested
after the ingredients of the material creation in each universe by
Garbhodakasayi Vishnu.
(S.B.
3.6.4)
The conception of the
Visvarupa, the universal form is especially meant for the neophytes who cannot
understand the transcendental form of the Lord. For them He manifests a
material form or the universal form.
(S.B. 1.3.3)
CREATION (Part two)
(S.B.2.5.22-31)
Verses 22-24
After the incarnation of
the first purusa (Karanadaksayi Vishnu) the mahat-tattva (sum total of material
energy) becomes manifested. Then time is generated and in course of time false
ego appears and transforms into three qualities.
1) Goodness - vaikarika
ahankara
2) Passion - taijasa
ahankara
3) Ignorance - tamasa ahankara
Manifestations of false ego in ignorance.
Verses 24-29
From the darkness of
false ego five elements are generated.
1) Sky becomes manifested first. Its subtle form is the quality
of sound.
2) Because sky is transformed air is generated with its subtle
quality of touch. (It
also contains the quality of sound).
3) When air is transformed fire is generated with its subtle
quality of shape or form.
(Fire also contains the qualities of
sound and touch).
4) When fire is transformed water is generated with its subtle
quality of taste. (Water
also contains the qualities of sound,
touch and form).
5) When water is transformed earth is generated with its subtle
quality of smell. (Earth
also contains the qualities of sound,
touch form and taste).
(S.B. 3.26.32 Purport)
It appears in this verse
that the objects of the senses namely the five gross elements and their subtle
counterparts are all products of ignorance.
SUBTLE ELEMENT GROSS
ELEMENT
Sound is the subtle quality of sky
Touch is the subtle quality of air
Form is the subtle quality of fire
Taste is the subtle quality of water
Smell is the subtle quality of earth
(S.B. 3.5.36)
Each of the elements
evolve from subtle to gross. The evolving element has the quality of the
previous element as well as its own. Hence the sky, the subtlest of the five
gross elements hs one quality. As the different elements evolve they have the
qualities of the previous elements and so earth, the last element to manifest
has all the qualities of all the elements.
Sky - sound
Air - sound, touch
Fire - sound, touch, form
Water - sound, touch, form, taste
Earth - sound, touch, form, taste, smell
(S.B. 2.10.31)
The construction of the
whole material world is prominently made by three elements, namely earth, water
and fire. But the living force is produced by sky, air and water. So water is
the common element in both the gross and subtle forms of the material creation.
Water is the most prominent element and is therefore the principle element of
all the five.
Manifestations of false ego in passion.
Verse 31
From false ego in the
mode of passion all of the sense organs are generated.
There are two kinds of
senses;
Knowledge acquiring
senses Working senses
1) ears 1)
hands
2) skin 2) legs
3) eyes 3) voice
4) tongue 4) anus
5) nose 5)
genitals
The intelligence and the
living energy are also generated.
Manifestations of false ego in goodness.
Verse 30
From false ego in the
mode of goodness the mind is generated and becomes manifested. The ten demigods
controlling bodily movements are also manifested.
The five knowledge acquiring senses and their controlling deities:
1) Ears - sense of hearing
- controlling deities of directions
2) Skin - sense of
touch - controlling deity of air, Vayu
3) Eyes - sense of
sight - controlling deity the Sun god
4) Tongue - sense of taste
- controlling deity of water, Varuna
5) Nose - sense of
smell - controlling deity the Asvin
Kumaras
The five working senses and their controlling deities:
1) Voice - controlling deity - Agni
2) Hands - controlling deity - Indra,
king of heaven
3) Legs - controlling deity - Lord
Vishnu
4) Anus - controlling deity - Mitra
5) Genitals - controlling deity - Brahma
ANIRUDDHA - mind -
controlling deity - Moon god
PRADYUMNA - intelligence -
controlling deity - Brahma
SANKARSANA - false ego -
controlling deity - Siva
Miscellaneous:
The sense of perception
is of two kinds; touch and itching.
The controlling deity of
air in the body is called Anila.
Anila also controls the
sense of touch.
The controlling deity of
hairs on the body is called Osadhya.
He also controls the
itching sensation.
The controlling deities
of the trees control the hairs on the body.
Vayu, the controller of
air controls smell because smell is carried by air.
The controlling deities
of the rivers control the nervous system.
The ocean is considered
to be the controlling deity of the abdomen.
Yamaraja also presides
over the anus and genitals because discharging semen is the cause of a horrible
death and he is the god of death.